The lesson

This lesson teaches Transformations. Read each section in order, work through every example on paper, then use the practice problems and quick check at the bottom.

Three rigid transformations

When you study three rigid transformations, slow down and write one example in your notebook without looking at the screen. That active step is what turns reading into learning.

1Translation: slide every point the same distance and direction.
2Reflection: flip across a line (a mirror image).
3Rotation: turn around a fixed point.

Translate the point (2, 3) right 4 and down 1.

1Right 4: x goes from 2 to 6.
2Down 1: y goes from 3 to 2.
3New point: (6, 2).

Why this matters

Transformations shows up constantly in slide, flip, and turn figures while keeping their size and shape. It also connects to what you will see on homework, quizzes, and the next unit in this grade.

Teachers often move fast in class. This page is here so you can pause, re-read, and practice until the idea feels familiar, not just until you have memorized a rule for one day.

Common mistakes to avoid

Rushing to the answer without writing steps. Middle-school math rewards clear work, and you catch errors earlier when steps are visible.

Mixing up similar ideas from the same topic. If two terms feel alike, make a two-column note: what is the same, what is different, and one example of each.

Key ideas from this lesson

Three rigid transformations
Translation: slide every point the same distance and direction.
Reflection: flip across a line (a mirror image).
Rotation: turn around a fixed point.

Video walkthrough

Khan Academy

Introduction to Transformations

Translations, reflections, and rotations explained.

Watch on YouTube

Practice

For each problem: write your work in the box, type your answer, and check it. If you are stuck, reveal the solution one step at a time. Do not skip straight to the final answer.

Exercise 1

Try it yourself

Translate point (3, 5) left 2 units and up 4 units.